Sound Samples are waveforms converted to digital files, often using the wav format. Digital files can be stored easily in libraries for easy access. Given the right software, digital sound samples can be edited, analyzed, combined and turned into programs playable on electronic keyboards. Most current synthesizers are based on banks of sound samples.

In this EMU Emulator X2 editor window, a rhythm sound sample has been analyzed and deployed with beat notation. The sample can be modified in a variety of ways. The amplitude, tempo and pitch can be altered. The waveform can be passed through a number of filters that alter the sound. To create an instrument, the sample has to be the equivalent of one note that has an attack, sustain, decay envelope. The sample is then assigned to one or more keys on the keyboard.

EMU X2 sample edit window.

Samples can be assigned to different keys. The keyboard becomes a multi-instrument controller.

For several years, sound samples have been offered as building blocks in instant music programs. No musical knowledge or instrumental skills are required. Samples are song fragments often presented in 8 bar clips that are inserted into a song sequence and repeated. A groove sample may be a recording of drums, base and rhythm guitar in a specific style. A pop or dance piece would require an intro, grooves for verse, chorus and bridge and an ending.