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  Nutrients:   Vitamin E

 

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Vitamin E was first isolated in 1923, synthesized in 1938 and made available by 1941. There is growing evidence vitamin E has several actions which could have importance in the prevention and treatment of heart disease. The Canadian Shutes' Institute claimed many cardiovascular benefits of vitamin E and in 1936 found that a man with severe angina developed complete relief with vitamin E supplementation. The Institute eventually claimed to have treated over 30,000 patients with vitamin E. Vitamin E can increase "good" HDL cholesterol when it is low, inhibit platelet aggregation, modulate arachidonic acid metabolism and prostaglandin production, reduce thromboxane A2 with benefit in peripheral vascular disease. Vitamin E can prevent catecholamine toxicity and free radical formation. Vitamin E along with vitamin C in animal and human models have shown benefit in prevention of damage from heart ischemia-reperfusion. Results from the nurses health study of over 87,000 female nurses showed that women at high intakes of vitamin E (greater than 100 mg per day) had a 36% reduction of myocardial infarction compared with those in the lowest group consuming less than 6 mgs per day. selling auto mean prices cheap used car dealers in the GB

Vitamin E is an activity concept, like Vitamins A and D, rather than a single substance. Currently there are 8 naturally occurring, and 8 synthetic vitamin E substances available. Vitamin E activity is found in the oil fraction of most vegetable foods, and is generally extracted from soya, corn, or safflower oils for supplementation purposes. Alpha-tocopherol is the principle vitamin E molecule, and its activity has been used to set dosages for the range of vitamin E compounds. One international unit (IU) is equivalent to 1.0 mg of alpha-tocopherol. check out this site to download movies fullmoviesfordownload.com

The RDA for vitamin E has been set at 8-10 mg (12-15 IU) per day for adults. The requirement of vitamin E increases with increased intake of fat. Vegetable oils contain vitamin E, and increased consumption of them tends to be self-supplementing. A tenfold increase in intake is required to double the concentration of vitamin E in the blood. There is no overt clinical syndrome like pellagra or scurvy which marks prolonged vitamin E deficiency, although brain and spinal cord dysfunction has been recognized in patients with fat malabsorption and vitamin E deficiency. Difficulties walking, and eye movement abnormalities are typical of vitamin E deficient brain disease. Any GIT disorder, reducing the absorption of fat, especially cystic fibrosis, pancreatic disease, and celiac disease, will reduce the absorption of vitamin E and may lead to deficiency disease. The status of vitamin E should be carefully monitored in every patient with chronic diarrhea.

The best appreciated role of vitamin E is its antioxidant function. Oxygen free radicals react with free PUFA's and fats in cell membranes to interfere with cell function and integrity. Increased vitamin E, especially in combination with other antioxidants, can reduce the damage done by normal and increased exposure to oxygen free radicals. This antioxidant protection may, over a lifetime be useful in retarding aging and decreasing tissue damage from a variety cases - from air pollution, blood cell and vessel disease, inflammatory diseases, carcinogens. 

Vitamin E has been recommended in cardiovascular disease for some time, with increasing evidence of benefit. Increased vitamin E is recommended for anyone doing physical training with higher doses (800 -1200 mg/day) for vigorous or prolonged exertions. Studies have shown that doses in the range of 1800-3000 IU /day will increase vitamin E concentration in platelets and decrease their tendency to clump together. vitamin E supplementation in the range of 400 IU twice to three times a day doubles the blood levels of vitamin E and is probably adequate for most indications. Doses up to 1200 IU/day seem to be well-tolerated. The most common side effects of excess vitamin E are nausea, flatulence or diarrhea, usually transient. Fatigue, muscle weakness, and headaches are occasionally reported.

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These discussions of nutrients and nutrition is continued in Nutrition Notes. You can order an eBook or printed text version separately or as part of a Professional Manual Order Nutrition Notes 
 

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